There are many different types of restaurants, from chain restaurants that are found at many locations — including fast-food restaurants — to small, family-owned restaurants that limit business to a single location. Restaurants also vary by the different types of food that they prepare and serve to their customers. No matter the type, however, each restaurant poses unique fire risks as it engages in cooking activities and large numbers of customers potentially gather at one time.
Fires originating in restaurants accounted for the most reported incidents in the category of assembly areas, under the broader descriptor of property use in the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS). 2
Loss measures for restaurant, all other eating and drinking establishments, and other nonresidential building fires
(3-year average, 2011-2013)
Restaurant fires accounted for about 6% of all nonresidential building fires reported to fire departments each year. These fires resulted in an average of less than one fatality per 1,000 fires, 11 injuries per 1,000 fires, and $23,000 in loss per fire.
The average loss measures for fatalities and dollar loss were below those for all other nonresidential buildings, yet injuries per 1,000 fires were elevated. Fires in all other eating and drinking establishments — including bars, nightclubs, pubs and the like — had higher fatalities and dollar loss per 1,000 fires than restaurants, yet fewer injuries per 1,000 fires.
| Loss measure | Restaurant fires | All other eating and drinking establishments | Other nonresidential building fires |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatalities/1,000 fires | 0.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 |
| Injuries/1,000 fires | 11.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 |
| Dollar loss/fire | $22,540 | $34,650 | $30,100 |
Table notes:
- The average loss measures computed from the NFIRS data alone in the loss measures table will differ from the average loss measures computed from national estimates.
- Average loss for fatalities and injuries is computed per 1,000 fires.
- Average dollar loss is computed per fire and rounded to the nearest $10.
- The 2011 and 2012 dollar-loss values were adjusted to 2013 dollars.
Restaurant fires by day of the week (2011-2013)
Restaurant fires were most prevalent during the weekend on Saturday and Sunday, followed closely by Thursday. Monday and Tuesday accounted for the smallest percentages of restaurant fires. However, fires that resulted in one or more civilian casualties (injuries and deaths) peaked Wednesday, followed by Monday and Friday (casualty data not shown).
Source: NFIRS 5.0Table may not total 100% due to rounding.
Restaurant fires by time of alarm (2011-2013)
Restaurant fires were most likely to occur during the midmorning through noon, with a peak from 10 to 11 a.m., coinciding with the time when restaurants are preparing to serve lunch. Restaurant fires that resulted in one or more civilian casualties (injuries and deaths) were also most prevalent during this period, peaking from 9 to 11 a.m. (casualty data not shown).
Source: NFIRS 5.0Table may not total 100% due to rounding.
Table may not total 100% due to rounding.
Restaurant fires by cause (2011-2013)
As would be expected, cooking was by far the leading cause of restaurant fires, accounting for 64% of restaurant fires. Heating and electrical malfunction each accounted for an additional 7%. All other causes, including unintentional, careless actions (4%), appliances (4%), other heat (3%) and several other categories at less than 3% each accounted for the remaining 23% of restaurant fires.
Source: NFIRS 5.0.Extent of fire spread in restaurant fires (2011-2013)
The majority of restaurant fires, 68%, were limited to the object of origin and did not spread further into the room. An additional 18% were limited to the room of origin. The remaining 14% of restaurant fires extended beyond the room of origin.
Source: NFIRS 5.0| 67.9% | Limited to object of origin | |
| 18.0% | Limited to room of origin | |
| 10.7% | Limited to building of origin | |
| 2.6% | Limited to floor of origin | |
| 0.7% | Beyond building of origin |
- The 2011 and 2012 dollar-loss values were adjusted to 2013 dollars.
- In this analysis, restaurant fires are defined as a subset of nonresidential building fires in NFIRS by using Incident Types 111-123 (excluding Incident Type 112) and Property Use 161 (restaurant or cafeteria). For Incident Types 113-118, the Structure Type is 1, 2 or null, and for Incident Types 111 and 120-123, the Structure Type is 1 or 2. Aid Types 3 (mutual aid given) and 4 (automatic aid given) were excluded to avoid double counting of incidents.