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A wildfire in Colorado

How to Create a Community Wildfire Protection Plan

Posted: Dec. 3, 2024

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Learn about the history behind the development of Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPPs), the key components, how a CWPP can benefit a community at risk from wildfire, and how to create a plan for your community.

CWPP history

The Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003 was the initiating legislation for the development of CWPPs. This legislation encourages communities to develop these plans to help reduce their risk to wildfire loss as well as create healthier natural ecosystems. The ambiguity in the legislation allows communities to develop effective plans that are relevant to their conditions and can change as community capacity and other conditions change.

Why it is important to develop a CWPP

Community wildfire protection planning is one of the most important components of a wildfire safety strategy in your community. According to the U.S. Forest Service, less than 10% of communities at risk from wildfire have developed a CWPP. Sometimes a community's grant application can be given more priority depending upon whether or not they have a CWPP in place.

Key components of a CWPP

A CWPP can help you and your jurisdiction plan and prioritize implementing project work that can make a difference in protecting homes, residents and responding firefighters. Some of the key components of a CWPP include:

  1. Collaborating with, identifying and including comments from, all stakeholders in the community. The most effective CWPPs include input from all groups in a community because this generates buy-in to project implementation. Everyone has a part to play.
  2. Research community risk using maps. Landfire Data may be able to help you depending upon your location (detailing fire history, topography, assets at risk). Identify the condition of infrastructure and local vegetation, as well as response capabilities.
  3. Identify key components of risk in local home and infrastructure construction, such as roofs, eaves, decks and vents. Define ways to improve these elements of design and construction to reduce the risk of ignition. Identify removal of landscaping elements such as dead/dry vegetation close to homes, overhanging limbs, and dried leaves/pine needles that can accumulate on the roof under decks, to create defensible space.
  4. Identify the condition of the natural environment surrounding the community. Work with state and local foresters, land managers, fire service, emergency managers, and planners to identify opportunities to use prescribed fire or other means to mitigate wildfire risk and improve forest health.
  5. Create an action plan that identifies short-term and long-range goals depending on the capabilities of the community and the prioritization of risk identified.

Information developed in the process of creating a CWPP can be integrated into a hazard mitigation plan.

Create a CWPP for your community

The U.S. Fire Administration's (USFA) Creating a Community Wildfire Protection Plan guide will assist you in making a CWPP. The form-fillable templates in the guide allow you to create an action plan and document assets at risk, forest/landscape health issues, and key stakeholders.

The items included in the guide are suggestions and by no means inclusive of all components your community needs to work on. You will need to identify your own unique risks and create your own solutions.

Download Creating a Community Wildfire Protection Plan

English PDF  Spanish PDF

For questions about creating a CWPP, please contact the USFA's Faith Berry.

This PDF file contains attachments that you might not be able to see if you view the file in your web browser. Save it to your device and open it in a PDF application like Adobe Acrobat.

Action items for fire departments

  • Identify all stakeholders in your community to include land managers, agencies, school districts, tribes, state foresters, residents, water districts, public works departments, fire departments, emergency managers and hazard mitigation planners.
  • Research your community's risk to include fire history, type of vegetation, topography, condition of homes, infrastructure, and resources available to respond.
  • Host a planning meeting and invite all stakeholders (a virtual conference can work). Give people the opportunity to submit comments via email, a website or mail.
  • Prioritize risk to the community from wildfire-generated embers as well as the direct flame front.
  • Create an action plan based upon priorities identified to lessen the risk to homes and the landscape surrounding the community. Allow for public comments and make the final plan available.
  • Implement the projects identified. Many projects, such as cleaning up around homes, are simple and low cost but can create much safer conditions.
  • Revisit the plan at least once every five years or as projects get completed or conditions change.

More information on CWPPs